Exclusive: China Urges Iran to Curb Houthi Attacks in Red Sea, Sources Report

By Parisa Hafezi and Andrew Hayley

DUBAI – Chinese officials have reportedly approached their Iranian counterparts to address the recent attacks on ships in the Red Sea by Iran-backed Houthis, warning that continued aggression could jeopardize their business relations. This information comes from four Iranian sources and a diplomat familiar with the discussions.

The dialogue about the attacks and the trade relationship between China and Iran unfolded during several recent meetings in Beijing and Tehran, though specifics regarding the timing and attendees remain undisclosed. One Iranian official, who spoke anonymously, noted that Chinese officials conveyed a clear message: if their interests were threatened, it would affect business dealings with Tehran.

The Houthis assert that their attacks are in solidarity with Palestinians in Gaza, yet such actions have led to increased shipping and insurance costs, disrupting a vital trade route between Asia and Europe predominantly utilized by Chinese vessels.

While the Chinese did not specify how their trading relationship with Iran might be impacted if their interests were harmed, they expressed strong disappointment over any potential harm to Chinese vessels or interests.

Despite being Iran’s biggest trading partner for the last decade, the relationship is lopsided; Chinese refiners have purchased over 90% of Iran’s crude exports in the past year, benefiting significantly from discounts due to U.S. sanctions that have driven other customers away. Nevertheless, Iranian oil still accounts for only 10% of China’s total crude imports, with Beijing having other options to fulfill its needs.

The Iranian insiders mentioned that while Beijing had expressed its concerns, discussions around the Houthis did not seem to be influenced by any direct requests from Washington.

Recent military strikes by U.S. and British forces have not successfully curbed Houthi attacks on shipping, as the group maintains control over significant portions of Yemen, including the capital and the strategic Bab al-Mandab Strait. The Houthis, equipped and supported by Iran, are part of a broader anti-Western and anti-Israeli coalition.

Despite previous conversations, Chinese officials didn’t mention any pressures from Washington in their discussions with Iran regarding the Houthi attacks. Notably, China’s foreign minister called for an end to attacks on civilian ships in the Red Sea without directly referencing the Houthis or Iran.

As the world’s largest trading nation, China is significantly impacted by shipping disruptions, making the stabilization of the Red Sea a priority. However, the Chinese government is also aware of the complex dynamics at play, particularly concerning the ongoing tensions in Gaza that may complicate its stance.

Houthi spokesman Mohammed Abdulsalam remarked that Iran had not communicated any requests from China to reduce attacks, emphasizing Tehran’s commitment to supporting Yemen amidst ongoing strikes.

The discussions with Beijing have left uncertainty surrounding Iran’s response. The country, heavily reliant on Chinese investment to sustain its oil sector and economy, faces pressure to balance its regional alliances with its financial needs.

While ties between Iran and China are significant, analysts assert that China’s influence over Iran’s geopolitical choices is not absolute. The criticisms regarding the partnership’s effectiveness have been rising in Iran, especially considering the disparity between trade expectations outlined in a 25-year cooperation agreement signed in 2021 and the actual economic outcomes thus far.

Iranian leaders are navigating a nuanced strategy in the context of both the Gaza crisis and the Houthi actions, with regional alliances and ideological factors playing crucial roles in their decision-making. They recognize the need to maintain relationships with their allies while balancing the impact of international pressures.